IN WHAT WAYS AND TO WHAT EFFECT IS 'GENRE' QUESTIONED IN IF ON A Essay

IN WHAT WAYS AND TO WHAT EFFECT IS 'Class' QUESTIONED IN IF ON A WINTER' S NIGHT A Traveler', BY ITALO CALVINO - Essay Example (Broderick, 2000, p.11) The epic being referred to utilizes a radical new account structure, where not exclusively are occasions rearranged across time-scales, yet in addition the story points of view. In customary novel structures, either a first-individual or a third-individual stories are utilized reliably all through the work (with shifting degrees of omniscience on part of the storyteller). Be that as it may, in If On A Winter's... address to the second-individual is made, bringing another element of peruser intuitiveness that was unheard of already. For instance, the main line of the novel goes â€Å"You are going to start perusing Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a winter's night a voyager. Unwind. Let your general surroundings blur. (Calvino, 1981, p.3) Here the reference is both straightforwardly to the peruser just as the novel itself; which could be translated as what might be compared to fractals. In this regard, the novel is cutting edge, making it one of its sort. In t he novel, ten different books are installed, â€Å"all of them reverberating parts of the encompassing diegetic story. Carefully, none of these ten establishes a genuine novel en abyme, since what they twofold is nearby parts of the story, not ceaseless perspectives, as called for by the rules of mise-en-abyme. Be that as it may, there are two settled writings which do meet the standards completely, however nor is really introduced at the same time, as Dampfboot’s, only described.† (McHale, 1987, p. 125) Even inside genuine writing, certain unmistakable types can be recognized. These incorporate, Social-authenticity (as exposited by Charles Dickens, V.S. Naipaul and Dorris Lessing); Magic-authenticity (Salman Rushdie being its main type in present day times); Satire (Evelyn Waugh and the early books of Aldous Huxley); Meta-physical enquiries (Iris Murdoch and Huxley's later books); Feminist books (Dorris Lessing and Margaret Atwood being driving lights of this kind) an d Marxist Realism (George Orwell's initial works and various Russian writers). (Mullan, 2006, p.77) Given Calvino's encounters in adolescence, just as his dad's association with Communist causes, it would be a characteristic tendency for him to receive the Social Realism or Marxist Realism kinds. Without a doubt, Calvino has effectively investigated and aced these kinds in different works. Be that as it may, what makes If On A Winter's... special and spots it outside these very much trodden sorts are the accompanying angles. Initially, the novel conveys a complex and circling account structure, whereby the peruser is constantly taken starting with one inserted novel lead then onto the next, while never settling any of the began leads. (Tandello, 2007, p.537) Second, the work of second individual reference, adds a totally different dynamic to the understanding experience, making it increasingly close to home, intelligent and including. The work clearly shows how a content can mean em otional encounters of the peruser by inundating him/her in a â€Å"process of identification† (Fludernik, 1994, p.525). For instance, the content tends to the peruser legitimately as one of the characters in the plot. Accordingly, â€Å"it frontal areas, as regular portrayals don't, the degree to which your subjectivity as a peruser relies on distinguishing proof with the signifier you. A destroyed describing organization makes itself obvious just by implication as goals and questions.† (Cohan and Shires, 1988, p.150) Third, the novel is a point by point reflection on the way toward thinking of itself, taking the peruser through the complexities and difficulties that the creator

Employee Benefit and Service Impact on Performances and Satisfaction

The Rhetoric of Reggae in Artful Cinema for the World Perry Henzel's The Harder They Come is credited with a critical and remarkable job in acquainting American crowds with reggae. While prior true to life crossmarketed films like A Hard Days Night or Help! were aide to and subject to a gathering's past business melodic achievement, Henzel's film was for some a prologue to reggae and both antecedent and driving force for its worldwide effect and business prevalence. The film's status as a faction great and wonder, to the degree a marvel can be clarified, maybe lays on its absence of business pretentions or special style, and along these lines its validness. The talk of this film - its pictures, words, and music in reciprocal cluster - is talk in the best sense since it utilizes the intensity of language to uncover, not to mask, the unconscionable imperatives on the lives of poor Jamaicans. Primarily it's a film by a Jamaican craftsman about some musically and socially huge occasions occurring in Jamaica at that point, and however it is predictable as movies will in general be, it likewise envelops the entirety of the majors topics and clashes that characterize and whirl around reggae music: otherworldliness, arousing quality, corporate greed, social equity, the savior, and even Armageddon, however its tenor is determinedly common The virtuoso of the film is that it orchestrates a huge number of social and melodic components and still figures out how to work logically on independent however equal degrees of correspondence. The major message for Jamaican crowds was to record, confirm, and esteem the Jamaican reality. As Henzel notes in his running critique, a unique element of the DVD, Jamaicans cheered the film's initial scenes uncontrollably, essentially on the grounds that they perceived themselves and their reality in an amazing worldwide medium that had paid them no brain up to that point. There is no rush in moviedom like individuals seeing themselves on the screen just because. The experience and the heritage of imperialism accustoms individuals who endure it to writing and film that delineates the lives and viewpoints of the colonizers, not the colonized. As Jamaica Kincaid clarifies in a diary of a Carribean youth, every last bit of her perusing was from books set in England. Her territory and its kin were not deserving of artistic consideration. While at long last getting such true to life consideration is an upbeat, freeing, and avowing cooperation for the Jamaican crowd, it has an unexpected measurement too in that the downpressed are euphoric on the grounds that finally they see themselves if not through the downpressor's focal point, at any rate on his screen.

Margin vs Markup Explained

Margin vs Markup Explained I cannot count the number of times I have heard someone use the words markup and margin interchangeably.Many business owners do not know that there is a difference between the two terms, and unfortunately, the confusion between the two terms can negatively affect the bottom line of your business.The confusion between the meaning of the two terms stems from the fact that the same inputs are used to calculate both markup and margin, and the two of them provide information about the same transaction.However, margin and markup are totally different things.They show different information and are accounted differently.In this article, we are going to explain the difference between margin and mark up and explain why it is important to tell each apart from the other.Before we go into the differences between margin and markup, it is important to first understand three terms which will come in handy when calculating both the margin and the markup. These terms are:Revenue: This refers to the in come earned after products or services are sold. Revenue reflects to all the money earned from the sale before any deductions have been made. Revenue is usually the top line in an income statement.Cost of goods sold (COGS): This refers to all the expenses that the business incurs while making products and delivering services. During the calculation of cost of goods sold, only variable costs are considered. Variable costs are those that are directly incurred in the production of goods and those that may vary depending on the amount of goods being produced. Examples of variable costs that are calculated as part of COGS include the cost of raw materials, manufacturing costs, product packaging, direct labor, freight, and any other costs that can be directly attributed to making and selling the product. Fixed costs are not considered part of the cost of goods sold. Examples of fixed costs include rent, office expenses such as utilities, supplies, internet, telephone, and so on, the salar ies of office staff who are not directly involved in production, professional fees, insurance, advertising, promotional and other sales expenses, payroll taxes and employee benefits, etc.Gross profit: This is the part of the revenue that remains after the expenses of manufacturing your products or delivering your products have been deducted. Gross profit is the difference between revenue and COGS.Keep these three terms in mind since we will use all of them to calculate margin and markup.WHAT IS MARGIN?The margin, also referred to as gross margin, is a figure that shows the amount of revenue earned after the COGS has been deducted.Margin can be expressed in dollar value or as a percentage. Margin is calculated by dividing the gross profit by the revenue.Below is the formula for calculating margin: To make the margin formula easier to understand, let’s use an example to illustrate how it works.Let’s assume a pair of headphones is sold at $400 and costs the company $200 to make.The margin on a pair of headphones would be: Alternatively, you can express the margin as a percentage as by multiplying the figure above by 100. In our example above, the margin for a pair of headphones is 50%.This means that 50% of the total revenue is kept by the company, while the other 50% of revenue covers the cost of producing the headphones.From this, we can say that margin is a measure of how much of every dollar earned in revenue is kept by the company after deducting expenses.In our example, for every dollar made in sales, the company retains $0.50.The higher the margin, the greater the portion of revenue the company keeps after making a sale.The gross margin is a very important metric when evaluating the financial performance of a company because it tells whether the company is making or losing money on sales, which is a very crucial aspect of business, since a business that is not making money on sales is failing.In addition, the gross margin is a useful indicator of how efficient the management of the company is in using supplies and labor in the production process.For a company that has a very low gross margin, there are two major approaches for improving this key metric.The first one is by increasing the price of products or services, while the second is by reducing the cost of production. None of these two approaches is easy.A price increase in a bid to increase the profit margin can result in a reduction in sales.If the sales become too few, the business might be unable to bring in enough revenue to cover operating costs.Therefore, before increasing the price, the business needs to consider factors such as supply and demand for the product, completion from other businesses, inflation rates, and so on.The second option for companies that want to increase their gross margin is to reduce the variable costs associated with producing their product.For this to happen, the company needs to either reduce the cost of acquiring materials or make the production process more efficient.A great way of cutting costs on materials is to take advantage of volume discounts.By buying more material from a s upplier at a go, you are more likely to receive discounts.Alternatively, you might opt to look for a less costly supplier.You should be careful when doing this since low prices on materials might mean lower quality materials.If you decide to reduce your production cost by making your production process more efficient, you should also take care to ensure that the quality of goods is not compromised.WHAT IS MARKUP?Just like margin, markup also analyzes the profit made after making a sale.However, markup looks at gross profit as a function of the cost of goods sold, rather than revenue.In other words, whereas you divide the gross profit by revenue to calculate margin, you have to divide the gross profit by the COGS to determine the markup.You can think of markup as the extra percentage on top of the cost of production that you charge your customers.Markup can be calculated using the following formula: Once again, let’s use the example from above where it takes $200 to produce a pair of headphones, which are then sold at a price of $400. Here is how we would calculate the markup. Alternatively, you can express the markup as a percentage as by multiplying the figure above by 100. The markup in this case is 100%, which means that the headphones were sold for 100% more than what it cost to produce them. In other words, the selling price is double the cost of production.Markup is a measure of how much more you sell a product compared to what it cost you to produce the product.Just like margin, the higher the markup, the greater the portion of revenue the company keeps after making a sale.Markup can also be described as the factor by which you multiply the cost of production to come up with a selling price. This can be expressed as: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MARGIN AND MARKUP As you might have realized by now, margin and markup are like the two sides of a coin.They describe the same thing, but they provide different perspectives.The margin shows the relationship between gross profit and revenue, while markup shows the relationship between profit and the cost of goods sold.Aside from showing different perspectives, there are some other key differences between margin and markup, which include:Having a markup on your products ensures that your business is making a profit with each sale and provides a way of quantifying that profit.Markup is a great tool in the initial stages of a business since it helps you to better understand how cash flows into and out of your business. This can be very usefully in helping you locate efficient points and bottlenecks within your business.Margin, on the other hand, is a precise and reliable tool for calculating profits and provides a clear picture of how sales are impacting your comp any’s bottom line.MARGIN VS. MARKUP CHARTWhile the margin and markup offer different perspectives of the same thing, it is important to understand how each behaves in relation to the other, since confusing the two can impact your profitability.Considering that the reference for calculating markup is cost of goods sold, which is a lesser value, the markup will always be bigger than markup, which is calculated based on revenue.Generally, a profit making business should have a markup percentage that is higher than the margin percentage.If your markup is lower than the margin, this means that your business is making losses.The relationship between markup and margin is not an arbitrary one.Generally, the relationship between margin and markup can be expressed using the following formula. For instance, in our headphones example above, we saw that the margin was 50% while the markup was 100%.Let’s confirm if our formula above will get the same thing. Alternatively, we can use a specific margin to determine what markup is required to achieve the margin. In this case, we use the following formula: Once again, going with our previous example, we know that a 50% margin will give you a 100% markup. Plugin this into our formula confirms this. Using the above two formulas, we can accurately predict how margin and markup interact with each other.A specific markup will always produce a specific margin.To easily determine what markup will produce what margin, a margin vs. markup chart is used.Below is an example of a margin vs. markup chart:Markup      Margin15%13%20%16.7%25%20%30%23%40%28.6%50%33%75%42.9%100%50%PRICING YOUR PRODUCTS BASED ON MARGINSetting the right price for your products is very crucial, and can be the difference between attracting customers by the loads and your business going under.One of the most common ways of pricing products is to adjust the cost of goods sold by the target profit margin.This way, as a business owner, you can always be sure that a specified percentage of each dollar made from sales represents profit over the COGS.For instance, if you adjust your COGS by a target margin of 30% to come up with a selling price, 30 cents of every dollar earned from sales will be a profit.To come up with a selling price based on the margin, you should start by diving your target gross margin by 100 to convert it from a percentage into a decimal.For instance, if you have a target margin of 30%, divide 30 by 100 to get 0.30.Once you have your target margin as decimal, subtract it from 1 to determine what portion of your selling price will represent the cost of goods sold. In this case, the cost of goods sold would be represented by Once you determine the portion the cost of goods sold represents, divide the cost of goods sold by this figure to come up with the selling price.For instance, if manufacturing your product costs $14, then the price in this case would be: In this case, you would sell the product at $20.When coming up with your target margin, it is always advisable to include other costs besides what goes directly into the making of the product, such as overhead.This will ensure that your selling price is enough to cover all the costs of doing business.When setting the price, you should also keep in mind that there are several other factors other than the cost of making the product that will affect the price.For instance, the price that the market can bear will also have an impact on your price.Setting a price based on a specific target margin will not be effective if customers are not willing to pay that price.Therefore, in as much as you want to achieve a specific target margin for every sale, you should also make sure that your price allows your product to maintain a competitive advantage.PRICING YOUR PRODUCTS BASED ON MARKUPSome entrepreneurs may also choose to set up their price based on markup.When using markup as the basis for s elling price, the markup must be big enough to cover all the expenses and reductions that are part of business, such as markdowns, customer discounts, and so on, while at the same time ensuring that the business earns a significant profit.Therefore, if you want to use markup as a basis for pricing your products, you should make sure that you are well informed about all aspects of your business, such as total operating expenses, including costs such as labor, materials, and overhead costs, as well as things such as sales figures.When setting price based on markup, all you need to do is figure out all the costs associated with producing and selling a product and then multiply this by the markup to come up with the price.Below is the formula for calculating a markup-based price: Going by our earlier example, if the cost of manufacturing a pair of headphones is $200, and the company wants a markup of 100% on the headphones, then the price of the headphones would be calculated as follows: There are some factors that you need to keep in mind before deciding the markup you will use on your products or services.The two most important factors to consider are the costs associated with producing the product and the market demand for your product.Aside from these factors, you should also consider the industry in which you are operating.In most cases, you will find that there is standard markup within certain industries, and it might be wise to stick to the standard in order to maintain your products’ competitive edge.One of the greatest advantages of using markup as a basis for your product pricing is that it guarantees that your business generates a proportional amount of revenue for each sale.The revenue will remain proportional even when your cost of goods sold increases or decreases.However, this does not mean that a business owner should blindly stamp a flat markup percentage on all of the business’ products and services.This is not a very effective strategy. Instea d, you should consider using different markups based on the characteristics of your products.For instance, if you are an electronics retailer, you might have different markups for different products, such as TV sets, home theater systems, fridges, cookers, and so on.The markup should also depend on factors such as the products’ turnover.For instance, products that have a very high turnover might have a lower markup compared to those with lower turnover.This is because the high sales might be enough to cover operating expenses, despite the lower markup.To explain how this works, let’s assume that two companies, company X and company Y are in the same industry and sell similar products.It costs both companies $10 to make the product. However, company X places a 50% markup on the product, while company Y places a 30% markup on the product.This will result in a price disparity between company X and company Y, with company Y’s products being more competitively priced. This differen ce in price can result in company Y selling two or three times more than company X and making more profits than company X, despite company X having a higher markup on their products.This is based on the law of demand, which states that the price of a product is inversely proportional to demand.An increase in price leads to reduced demand, while a decrease in price leads to increased demand for the product.MARGIN VS. MARKUP â€" WHICH SHOULD YOU USE?At the start of this article, I mentioned that confusing between margin and markup can be hurtful for your business.So, which of the two should you use? Generally, most small businesses, and especially retailers, depend on markup to set prices for their products.However, when it comes to recording financial information about your business, you accountant, bookkeeper or accounting software will be more interested in the margin rather than the markup.If you use markup in the place of margin, you will end up with bungled accounting numbers, w hich might make you think that your business is making more money than it is actually making.Therefore, while both can be used to determine how to price your products, you should stick to the gross margin when it comes to accounting, because it is a more accurate representation of the profit your business is making.WRAPPING UPUnderstanding the relationship between margin as well as the difference between the two is very important for every business owner.Confusing between the two messes up your accounting and may even result in your business losing money without your knowledge.On the other hand, knowing the difference between the two terms and how they related to each other helps in setting the right goals for your business and implementing short and long term strategies for your business.Understanding margin and markup also helps you to properly price your products.It allows you to competitively price your products while ensuring that you are not leaving any revenue on the table.

Margin vs Markup Explained

Margin vs Markup Explained I cannot count the number of times I have heard someone use the words markup and margin interchangeably.Many business owners do not know that there is a difference between the two terms, and unfortunately, the confusion between the two terms can negatively affect the bottom line of your business.The confusion between the meaning of the two terms stems from the fact that the same inputs are used to calculate both markup and margin, and the two of them provide information about the same transaction.However, margin and markup are totally different things.They show different information and are accounted differently.In this article, we are going to explain the difference between margin and mark up and explain why it is important to tell each apart from the other.Before we go into the differences between margin and markup, it is important to first understand three terms which will come in handy when calculating both the margin and the markup. These terms are:Revenue: This refers to the in come earned after products or services are sold. Revenue reflects to all the money earned from the sale before any deductions have been made. Revenue is usually the top line in an income statement.Cost of goods sold (COGS): This refers to all the expenses that the business incurs while making products and delivering services. During the calculation of cost of goods sold, only variable costs are considered. Variable costs are those that are directly incurred in the production of goods and those that may vary depending on the amount of goods being produced. Examples of variable costs that are calculated as part of COGS include the cost of raw materials, manufacturing costs, product packaging, direct labor, freight, and any other costs that can be directly attributed to making and selling the product. Fixed costs are not considered part of the cost of goods sold. Examples of fixed costs include rent, office expenses such as utilities, supplies, internet, telephone, and so on, the salar ies of office staff who are not directly involved in production, professional fees, insurance, advertising, promotional and other sales expenses, payroll taxes and employee benefits, etc.Gross profit: This is the part of the revenue that remains after the expenses of manufacturing your products or delivering your products have been deducted. Gross profit is the difference between revenue and COGS.Keep these three terms in mind since we will use all of them to calculate margin and markup.WHAT IS MARGIN?The margin, also referred to as gross margin, is a figure that shows the amount of revenue earned after the COGS has been deducted.Margin can be expressed in dollar value or as a percentage. Margin is calculated by dividing the gross profit by the revenue.Below is the formula for calculating margin: To make the margin formula easier to understand, let’s use an example to illustrate how it works.Let’s assume a pair of headphones is sold at $400 and costs the company $200 to make.The margin on a pair of headphones would be: Alternatively, you can express the margin as a percentage as by multiplying the figure above by 100. In our example above, the margin for a pair of headphones is 50%.This means that 50% of the total revenue is kept by the company, while the other 50% of revenue covers the cost of producing the headphones.From this, we can say that margin is a measure of how much of every dollar earned in revenue is kept by the company after deducting expenses.In our example, for every dollar made in sales, the company retains $0.50.The higher the margin, the greater the portion of revenue the company keeps after making a sale.The gross margin is a very important metric when evaluating the financial performance of a company because it tells whether the company is making or losing money on sales, which is a very crucial aspect of business, since a business that is not making money on sales is failing.In addition, the gross margin is a useful indicator of how efficient the management of the company is in using supplies and labor in the production process.For a company that has a very low gross margin, there are two major approaches for improving this key metric.The first one is by increasing the price of products or services, while the second is by reducing the cost of production. None of these two approaches is easy.A price increase in a bid to increase the profit margin can result in a reduction in sales.If the sales become too few, the business might be unable to bring in enough revenue to cover operating costs.Therefore, before increasing the price, the business needs to consider factors such as supply and demand for the product, completion from other businesses, inflation rates, and so on.The second option for companies that want to increase their gross margin is to reduce the variable costs associated with producing their product.For this to happen, the company needs to either reduce the cost of acquiring materials or make the production process more efficient.A great way of cutting costs on materials is to take advantage of volume discounts.By buying more material from a s upplier at a go, you are more likely to receive discounts.Alternatively, you might opt to look for a less costly supplier.You should be careful when doing this since low prices on materials might mean lower quality materials.If you decide to reduce your production cost by making your production process more efficient, you should also take care to ensure that the quality of goods is not compromised.WHAT IS MARKUP?Just like margin, markup also analyzes the profit made after making a sale.However, markup looks at gross profit as a function of the cost of goods sold, rather than revenue.In other words, whereas you divide the gross profit by revenue to calculate margin, you have to divide the gross profit by the COGS to determine the markup.You can think of markup as the extra percentage on top of the cost of production that you charge your customers.Markup can be calculated using the following formula: Once again, let’s use the example from above where it takes $200 to produce a pair of headphones, which are then sold at a price of $400. Here is how we would calculate the markup. Alternatively, you can express the markup as a percentage as by multiplying the figure above by 100. The markup in this case is 100%, which means that the headphones were sold for 100% more than what it cost to produce them. In other words, the selling price is double the cost of production.Markup is a measure of how much more you sell a product compared to what it cost you to produce the product.Just like margin, the higher the markup, the greater the portion of revenue the company keeps after making a sale.Markup can also be described as the factor by which you multiply the cost of production to come up with a selling price. This can be expressed as: THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MARGIN AND MARKUP As you might have realized by now, margin and markup are like the two sides of a coin.They describe the same thing, but they provide different perspectives.The margin shows the relationship between gross profit and revenue, while markup shows the relationship between profit and the cost of goods sold.Aside from showing different perspectives, there are some other key differences between margin and markup, which include:Having a markup on your products ensures that your business is making a profit with each sale and provides a way of quantifying that profit.Markup is a great tool in the initial stages of a business since it helps you to better understand how cash flows into and out of your business. This can be very usefully in helping you locate efficient points and bottlenecks within your business.Margin, on the other hand, is a precise and reliable tool for calculating profits and provides a clear picture of how sales are impacting your comp any’s bottom line.MARGIN VS. MARKUP CHARTWhile the margin and markup offer different perspectives of the same thing, it is important to understand how each behaves in relation to the other, since confusing the two can impact your profitability.Considering that the reference for calculating markup is cost of goods sold, which is a lesser value, the markup will always be bigger than markup, which is calculated based on revenue.Generally, a profit making business should have a markup percentage that is higher than the margin percentage.If your markup is lower than the margin, this means that your business is making losses.The relationship between markup and margin is not an arbitrary one.Generally, the relationship between margin and markup can be expressed using the following formula. For instance, in our headphones example above, we saw that the margin was 50% while the markup was 100%.Let’s confirm if our formula above will get the same thing. Alternatively, we can use a specific margin to determine what markup is required to achieve the margin. In this case, we use the following formula: Once again, going with our previous example, we know that a 50% margin will give you a 100% markup. Plugin this into our formula confirms this. Using the above two formulas, we can accurately predict how margin and markup interact with each other.A specific markup will always produce a specific margin.To easily determine what markup will produce what margin, a margin vs. markup chart is used.Below is an example of a margin vs. markup chart:Markup      Margin15%13%20%16.7%25%20%30%23%40%28.6%50%33%75%42.9%100%50%PRICING YOUR PRODUCTS BASED ON MARGINSetting the right price for your products is very crucial, and can be the difference between attracting customers by the loads and your business going under.One of the most common ways of pricing products is to adjust the cost of goods sold by the target profit margin.This way, as a business owner, you can always be sure that a specified percentage of each dollar made from sales represents profit over the COGS.For instance, if you adjust your COGS by a target margin of 30% to come up with a selling price, 30 cents of every dollar earned from sales will be a profit.To come up with a selling price based on the margin, you should start by diving your target gross margin by 100 to convert it from a percentage into a decimal.For instance, if you have a target margin of 30%, divide 30 by 100 to get 0.30.Once you have your target margin as decimal, subtract it from 1 to determine what portion of your selling price will represent the cost of goods sold. In this case, the cost of goods sold would be represented by Once you determine the portion the cost of goods sold represents, divide the cost of goods sold by this figure to come up with the selling price.For instance, if manufacturing your product costs $14, then the price in this case would be: In this case, you would sell the product at $20.When coming up with your target margin, it is always advisable to include other costs besides what goes directly into the making of the product, such as overhead.This will ensure that your selling price is enough to cover all the costs of doing business.When setting the price, you should also keep in mind that there are several other factors other than the cost of making the product that will affect the price.For instance, the price that the market can bear will also have an impact on your price.Setting a price based on a specific target margin will not be effective if customers are not willing to pay that price.Therefore, in as much as you want to achieve a specific target margin for every sale, you should also make sure that your price allows your product to maintain a competitive advantage.PRICING YOUR PRODUCTS BASED ON MARKUPSome entrepreneurs may also choose to set up their price based on markup.When using markup as the basis for s elling price, the markup must be big enough to cover all the expenses and reductions that are part of business, such as markdowns, customer discounts, and so on, while at the same time ensuring that the business earns a significant profit.Therefore, if you want to use markup as a basis for pricing your products, you should make sure that you are well informed about all aspects of your business, such as total operating expenses, including costs such as labor, materials, and overhead costs, as well as things such as sales figures.When setting price based on markup, all you need to do is figure out all the costs associated with producing and selling a product and then multiply this by the markup to come up with the price.Below is the formula for calculating a markup-based price: Going by our earlier example, if the cost of manufacturing a pair of headphones is $200, and the company wants a markup of 100% on the headphones, then the price of the headphones would be calculated as follows: There are some factors that you need to keep in mind before deciding the markup you will use on your products or services.The two most important factors to consider are the costs associated with producing the product and the market demand for your product.Aside from these factors, you should also consider the industry in which you are operating.In most cases, you will find that there is standard markup within certain industries, and it might be wise to stick to the standard in order to maintain your products’ competitive edge.One of the greatest advantages of using markup as a basis for your product pricing is that it guarantees that your business generates a proportional amount of revenue for each sale.The revenue will remain proportional even when your cost of goods sold increases or decreases.However, this does not mean that a business owner should blindly stamp a flat markup percentage on all of the business’ products and services.This is not a very effective strategy. Instea d, you should consider using different markups based on the characteristics of your products.For instance, if you are an electronics retailer, you might have different markups for different products, such as TV sets, home theater systems, fridges, cookers, and so on.The markup should also depend on factors such as the products’ turnover.For instance, products that have a very high turnover might have a lower markup compared to those with lower turnover.This is because the high sales might be enough to cover operating expenses, despite the lower markup.To explain how this works, let’s assume that two companies, company X and company Y are in the same industry and sell similar products.It costs both companies $10 to make the product. However, company X places a 50% markup on the product, while company Y places a 30% markup on the product.This will result in a price disparity between company X and company Y, with company Y’s products being more competitively priced. This differen ce in price can result in company Y selling two or three times more than company X and making more profits than company X, despite company X having a higher markup on their products.This is based on the law of demand, which states that the price of a product is inversely proportional to demand.An increase in price leads to reduced demand, while a decrease in price leads to increased demand for the product.MARGIN VS. MARKUP â€" WHICH SHOULD YOU USE?At the start of this article, I mentioned that confusing between margin and markup can be hurtful for your business.So, which of the two should you use? Generally, most small businesses, and especially retailers, depend on markup to set prices for their products.However, when it comes to recording financial information about your business, you accountant, bookkeeper or accounting software will be more interested in the margin rather than the markup.If you use markup in the place of margin, you will end up with bungled accounting numbers, w hich might make you think that your business is making more money than it is actually making.Therefore, while both can be used to determine how to price your products, you should stick to the gross margin when it comes to accounting, because it is a more accurate representation of the profit your business is making.WRAPPING UPUnderstanding the relationship between margin as well as the difference between the two is very important for every business owner.Confusing between the two messes up your accounting and may even result in your business losing money without your knowledge.On the other hand, knowing the difference between the two terms and how they related to each other helps in setting the right goals for your business and implementing short and long term strategies for your business.Understanding margin and markup also helps you to properly price your products.It allows you to competitively price your products while ensuring that you are not leaving any revenue on the table.

Deaf Americans . Regularly, The Privileges Of Individuals

Deaf Americans Regularly, the privileges of individuals who are deaf get overlooked. Deaf people attempting to connect with hearing experts, crisis responders, or associations are denied basic, essential access to proper communication tools needed, which at times puts their lives at risk. There have been various situations where deaf Americans are wrongfully arrested after calling 911 for assistance. There are situations where deaf individuals die after the hospital withholds a basic medical diagnosis information. Certain institutions may even discriminate against deaf students in medical schools because they may feel like it’s too much of a hassle to provide an interpreter for that student. Deaf Americans are continuing to be held down†¦show more content†¦Several establishments claim to be multicultural but when it comes to providing adequate training for deaf Americans, that topic seems to fall to the wayside. That doesn’t appear to be very diverse. The ADA clearly states that discriminating against individuals with disabilities is a violation if adequate accommodations are not provided, yet these violations still occur in hospitals and police stations. These laws are put in place to protect the employees and employers from liabilities that could open huge lawsuits. The unemployment rate amongst deaf Americans is staggeringly double the average American rate which makes it much more difficult for deaf Americans to live a better quality of life. This can be helped by allowing equal access to necessary tools needed for deaf Americans to be productive in America daily. Deaf Americans are forced to fight every day because we live in an discriminatory society. More than 500,000 deaf patients in hospitals, deaf citizens and deaf children in schools rely on ASL to communicate daily in the United States of America. They all deserve to be treated equally and given the opportunity to succeed. Let’s continue to fight for the deaf and not let these injustices carry on in America. Minorities in America Social Stratification is inequality in the system that we see every day in a society clearly divided by power, status and wealth.Show MoreRelatedThe Human Condition Through Innovation1683 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the last half-century individuals from the medical field have built up an innovation that performs an accomplishment that is proclaimed by numerous as inexplicable: an implant which makes sound inside the ears of the hard of hearing. Cochlear implant innovation utilizes electrical driving forces to send the vibe of sound waves to the brain by living up to expectations around the harmed cochlea, making an apparent evidence of sound to a hard of hearing or deaf individual (NAD). In the event thatRead MoreEssay On Recreation Areas1532 Words   |  7 Pagesusing the facilities for committing crimes but there has not been any reported to my knowledge. â€Å"Green spaces have been shown to create neighborhoods with fewer violent and property crimes and where neighbors te nd to support and protect one another† (American Planning Association). The stakeholders in this situation are a number of people including myself, the department I work for, the tax paying community as a whole, and those who participate in using the recreation center facilities. I have the possibilityRead MorePublic Policy Impact On An American Corporation3071 Words   |  13 PagesPublic Policy Impact on an American Corporation Due to the differences in mankind, issues and conflicts often occurred in history for a multiplicity of reasons and they still will occur in the future. But to improve the quality of life for everybody and because we are all supposed to be equal in some way, we definitely need to create laws, draw up guidelines and develop principles that might solve upcoming issues or at least minimize the harm for the unprivileged and socially disadvantaged part ofRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyber Security And Network Breaches Essay2660 Words   |  11 Pagesare derived. Finally, recommendations are presented for minimizing the frequency and fallout of such breaches in the future. It is seen that the affected vendors are typically remarkably vague in their reporting, likely indicative of both their individual failures to understand the technology and their consultants? desires to maintain an unjustified mystique. Recent Major Data Breaches Cyber security and network breaches have received a great deal of attention in recent headlines. As the worldRead MoreEducation Training2135 Words   |  9 Pagessystem of formal education during their early childhood. In this type of education, the people in charge of a school decide what to teach, and learners then study those things under the direction of teachers. Learners are expected to come to school regularly and on time., to work at about the same speed as their classmates, and to pass tests to show how well they have progressed. At the end of the year, successful learners move up to the next level, that is, to the next standard, form or grade. In theRead Moremy name is salma4674 Words   |  19 Pageshe is a Muslim and prays five times a day. Salam says â€Å"whenever I walked past his shop his mat would be spread on the floor and he would be standing, hands on tummy, eyes closed, muttering verses from the Quran. My father Haj Ibrahim did not pray regularly. The mat was out whenever a goat was stolen or we were having a long spell of drought† (17). Both men are unfaithful believers of what they practice. Faqir is judging their hypocrisy regarding the way they practice Islam. Haj Ibrahim remembersRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesTraining and Development 41 Compensation and Benefits 42 Employee Relations 42 vi Contents Top Management Commitment 43 Effective Upward Communication 43 Determining What to Communicate 44 Allowing for Feedback 44 Information Sources 44 The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 62 The Civil Rights Act of 1991 63 The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 63 Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 64 Relevant Executive Orders 64 vii WORKPLACE ISSUES: HRM CertificationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 UnderstandingRead MoreW1 Active Adj14109 Words   |  57 Pagesthe dictionary give users access to a wealth of information that can help the selection of the appropriate word or phrase in a variety of situations. Not only are the words and meanings given descriptive labels, for example formal or informal, AmE (American English) or BrE (British English), humorous, old-fashioned, but now they have the added information about relative frequency in spoken and written language. Take for example the verb book (in the meaning of book a table at a restaurant). It is markedRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesidentifying, anticipating and satisfying customer A slightly longer but conceptually similar definition of marketing was proposed by the American Marketing Association (AMA) in 1985: Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion † and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives. Although this definition, or variations of it, has been used by a variety of writers (see, for example

The Demand And Supply Analysis - 2015 Words

Introduction: The most important tool in microeconomics is the demand and supply analysis. Demand refers to the amount of the product which is desired by the purchaser at a certain price level where as the supply of the product represents the amount of quantity that is supplied in the market at a certain level of price. There are different factors on which demand is dependent. Apart from the price of the product, the demand depends upon the income, the number of consumers, preferences of the consumers and income of the consumers. The supply of the product depends upon the price of the product, future expectation of the prices and price of the factors of production (Colander 2013). Resources availability is limited in the country so there is a need to observe the demand and supply so that the resources are not exhausted. The demand and supply mechanism is analyzed before getting into a detailed discussion upon the demand and supply of human resources and iron ore resources in the Australian econo my. Several newspaper articles has been collected showing the demand for the skills in the state of Queensland and the supply iron ore has dropped in respect of the increase in global supply more than the demand. Mechanism of Demand and Supply: When the other factors, which are seen to affect the demand for the product is constant then a rise in the price of the product, will lead to fall and when there is fall in the prices then there will be an increase in the demand. There isShow MoreRelatedDemand and Supply Analysis1399 Words   |  6 PagesDemand and Supply Analysis 1. Demand indicates how much of a good consumers are willing and able to buy at each possible price during a given time period, other things constant. 2. The process to satisfy human wants/ needs/desires. * Want: having a strong desire for something * Need: lack of means of subsistence * Desire: an aspiration to acquire something 3. Demand: effective desire 4. Demand is that desire which backed by willingness and ability to buy a particular commodityRead MoreAnalysis of Demand and Supply1066 Words   |  4 Pagespurpose of this analysis is coffee. Jamie: Causes of Shifts in Supply and Demand for Coffee A shift in either the demand or supply of coffee could be caused by a number of things. I will start with factors that could trigger a shift in the demand curve of my product of choice. The demand curve according to Mankiw (2008), shifts if something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price. To begin with, customer preferences could bring about a shift in the demand for coffee. In thisRead MoreSupply and Demand Analysis2038 Words   |  9 Pagesprice in elasticity of supply and demand. We will discuss how quantity demanded and quantity supplied has changed due to price changes and technology innovations. We will discuss how government regulations create surplus or shortage of airline flights. Supply and Demand Analysis Delta is the one of the major airlines of the United States that carries cargo and passengers. Opportunities for Delta in terms of equipment are highly advanced and are constantly improving. Demand for leisure travelRead MoreSupply And Demand Simulation Analysis1189 Words   |  5 PagesSupply and Demand Simulation The economy is a practice that relies on principles and concepts. The different focuses are based on a Macro and Micro perspective that creates the commercial and consumer environment. It is important to understand how these principles and concepts relate to the environment to create strategies that will, in return create profit and confident investments. The supply and demand simulation highlighted the important of just that from a commercial setting. Today’s housingRead MoreEconomic Analysis : Supply And Demand867 Words   |  4 PagesSupply and Demand Economic Analysis is defined as the systematic approach of the use of resources and comparing two or more resources in order to achieve a specific objective with limitations of specific constraints and assumptions. Economic Analysis is basically a measure of how well the opportunity costs for resources are employed and attempts to measure these results in monetary terms for the benefits of a certain project or economy of a country. The paper will analyze a management firm knownRead MoreUsing Demand And Supply Analysis2105 Words   |  9 PagesUsing demand and supply analysis show how equilibrium price and output are established. Discuss the likely consequences of government attempting through regulation to change market equilibrium prices. The model of supply and demand, is explained by the price and quantity of a product sold in a market. This model is simple but is fundamental to economics. The supply and demand model is made of five key elements, which are the: demand curve, supply curve, law of demand, the law of supply and alsoRead MoreAutomobile Demand and Supply Analysis in India1791 Words   |  8 Pagesover the last five years. The Demand Side Analysis 1. Law of demand 2. Movements along the demand curve and shifting of demand curve 1. Law of demand The Law of Demand states that the relationship between a good’s price and the quantity demanded of that good is negative. This is referred to as a â€Å"change in quantity demanded†. Own-price change cause movement along a given demand curve. The demand for automobiles for is dependent of certain factors: The demand function for X: XD =Read MoreAnalysis Of The Aggregate Demand And The Aggregate Supply Model Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesThe aggregate demand and the aggregate supply model is a macroeconomics model that explains price level and real output through the relationship of aggregate demand and supply. The aggregate demand curve consist of consumption(C), investment (I), government spending (G), net export (NX). The question caused by monetary expansion. In this essay, it analysis monetary policy, Philips curve which relation between inflation and unemployment.it draws conclusion and apply the theory into two countries whichRead MoreDemand and Supply Analysis of Mobile Services in India1575 Words   |  7 Pagesprices. This has had an effect of stimulating demand and thus increasing the category adoption rate. As more users have been added to the subscriber base, it has led to a further downward pressure on operator costs. This has led to further cost benefits to the end user, fuelling further growth in the subscriber base. Demand Analysis: The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a good, the less people will demand that good. In other words, the higher theRead MoreCase Study Using Demand and Supply Analysis1345 Words   |  6 PagesQUESTION 1 The demand for the apartments around that particular area will be relatively inelastic. When demand is relatively inelastic, a large amount of change in the price will still cause a small amount of change in the quantity. Assume that if there is a large amount of decrease in the price, it will only cause a small amount of increase in the quantity because the demand is relatively inelastic. Thus, the demand curve will be steeper. The factors that will cause the demand to be relatively

Writing Help Reviews Guide

Writing Help Reviews Guide Rumors, Deception and Writing Help Reviews The writing centre will be to be in a position to assist pupils who have any portion of the composing procedure, and also another type of composing. In most instances, it's not possible to complete every task in time. Overall Assignment Help supplies you with the absolute most experienced and learned tutors so as to help you in any need associated with the subject. Answer what is asked, not what you wish to say. The very first value of purchasing college dissertations on the internet is that scholars will decide on a paper that bests suit them. If you aren't content with your essay, you're guaranteed to have a complete refund! Therefore, if you can't observe an essay type on which you require college essays help in the USA, you may directly call our customer care team for additional support. You will remain delighted with college essays for sale, and we won't ever disappoint you. Facts, Fiction and Wri ting Help Reviews Literature review writing is a sort of academic writing that could be. Assignment help on-line review may give you an insight to what you are just about to engage. You've got a great deal of reasons, why you should use expert help at Write My Term Papers. If you are searching for essay help in britain, then we can assist you. Understanding Writing Help Reviews As a result, if you were searching for a trustworthy essay writing service to aid you with the academic burden, you've come to the correct spot. As a result, you will receive a work of superior quality for sure. Finding out the way it's possible to write very properly is really only a skill that might be applied to a huge selection of subjects. It is really merely a skill that may be applied to a vast collection of subjects. Placing an order on the site is something which you can do all on your own as it's rather easy. Our website is straightforward to use and has a friendly interface, and that mean s you will be in a position to set your order in a few minutes. Our reviews and tips will help you produce the decision! Assignmenthelponline reviews supply you with a shadow. Choosing Writing Help Reviews Is Simple You could possibly be found out, and that wouldn't be a very good thing. Though, spending a good deal of time in reading textbooks aren't likely to guarantee your comprehension of the law. There are some things which are much better seen than read. You might have considered having a friend assist you with an essay or getting somebody else to obtain a service for you. College paper writing services can be the simplest approach to ease students' pain. Without the correct college essay aid, you could experience difficulties with your grades that could hold you back from your objectives. Needless to say, you could always request help from those in your surrounding your family members, friends or college mates. Students need to work hard to acquire a high mark. Th e Most Popular Writing Help Reviews It was very evident a very good research was done. Getting essay help might be a tricky choice. The student still writes her or his own essay. A comprehensive essay writing procedure is performed only with the completion of several erectiestoornis pil cialis lily brand. Consider why you'd like to write. Once you are prepared to produce the order, complete an on-line form. The procedure for conducting and reporting your literature review will be able to help you clarify. Also, essay writing calls for a great amount of time, which you may be lacking. Professional writer and editor that specializes in academic writing projects of all types. The writer should select a topic that could be well defended and debatable. In fact, our first-rated writers have the ability to cope with any writing task required. Our research paper writing service is intended to fulfill also tough target dates. College paper writing services of different compan ies can't match our expert services. If you're searching for professional writing service, you're at the most appropriate spot. Our writing services do precisely that. All writers of essays will want to comprehend how to compose a thesis statement. It's essential that you just inspect the post to speed your 18, whenever you have finished the essay. Your essay should truly be persuasive. An analytical essay is a certain kind of academic writing. What Everybody Dislikes About Writing Help Reviews and Why If you really require assistance with writing a high quality history research paper, we're always well prepared to supply you with the very best. There was no demand for revisions though they provide absolutely free revisions. The process is quite simple. For the reason, you will require some help with your papers at least one time during your studies.

Public Relations and PR plan Of Apple Inc †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Relations and PR plan Of Apple Inc. Answer: Introduction Apple inc. is a company that started as a computer manufacturer in the year 1976 (Lewis 2014). However, the technology giant has successfully entered and conquered most of the domains in the sphere of technology. Starting from iPods, which made it the most dominant player in the market for music players; the company entered the mobile industry in the year 2007 and instantly created frenzy among the consumer base. The company has been referred to as one of the most successful producers of mobile phones and they are known for unique and unmatched qualities. The premium build and quality of their products separate them from other competitive brands in the market (Ritchie 2015). Recently, there have been issues over a concern that the batteries of iPhone are slowing the phone down and leading to sudden shutdown of the device and lag in the performance. This was completely in opposite to the quality of products that the company has been manufacturing and selling for so long. Appreciation of the Problem The issue with iPhone batteries not working properly or slowing the phone down has been a major issue for the company, which has lead to creation of a negative image of the company in the market. The problem was that those with iPhone 6, 6 plus and iPhone SE received updates that intentionally slowed down the phone so as the user updated to a new iPhone tht was released in the market. In addition, to cover up this intention, the company initiated battery replacement at a reduced rate for the iPhones that faced such issues. The company reduced the price for replacement from $79 to $29 as an offer price (Apple 2018). This resulted in people having a negative perception regarding the company and the trust that Apple enjoyed in the market took a hit. This lead to people shifting to other brands those were in the market that promised premium products with better battery life and processor power. Apple face a dip in the sales during this period, as the people had apprehensions picking an i Phone from the counter regardless of all the previous brand loyalty that they had for Apple. New strategies had to be implemented to bring the trust back on company and its products. People need to be ensured that such practices will not be repeated and clear communication is necessary from the company spokesperson. Objective The primary objective for the PR team of Apple has to be the restoration of companys image in the public and to establish the fact that they are the most advanced and best in the market. The company has a huge brand value and people are brand loyal to the company (Steenkamp 2014). It provides the PR team with an added edge as their strategies can be implemented with better effect as they have the required consumer base. The PR team has to work in a way that the communication between the company and its consumer base is very clear and hence people are aware of the various strategies and actions that are taken by the company. Defining public The target base for the current PR crisis will be those who are affected with the battery issue primarily. The company has a huge consumer base and has a global reach for its products. The market that Apple enjoys is global and the fan base that it has for its various products is spread throughout the world. This dominant market share of the Apple products has allowed them to rule the domain for such long time. In light of the recent battery issue that the company has faced, it should target the people that have faced the issue and those who are in prospect of facing the same issue as they use the same iPhone models that have encountered the problem. It is seen that people did lose the trust that they had on the brand Apple due to their intentional slowing down of phones through the battery issues and processor lags. However, the defined public should be those who have faced the issue with the phone, it should be noted that the communication must address the entire consumer base as w ell as the potential consumers so that they feel assured while buying a new iPhone in their next purchase (Solomon et al. 2014). Selection of media and technique Following a crisis such as the battery issue in the iPhone, it is very essential for the Public relations department to work hard and restore the public image of the company. The public relation team must concentrate on making the communication between the company executives and the consumer base clearer so that the public is not kept in dark regarding the issue and the various steps that the company is taking to resolve the same (Protess and McCombs 2016). The common technique that Apple has used in the past was maintaining silence on an issue of concern and let it resolve. Previously the company has had software issues for which the PR team maintained complete silence and then they resolved the issue internally and provided an online software update to the users. This resolved the issue without much light to the issue but such steps do not work when the problem is as grave as the battery issue at present. The company PR team should come out and defend the position of the brand by o rganizing a press conference that will discuss about the battery issue and the various steps that will be taken to resolve the issue. The PR executives will need to send press release on behalf of Apple inc. so that the media is informed of the problem and steps that are being taken to resolve the issue. The target base is huge, segmentation based on age is not possible for a company like Apple, and hence the medium they should pick for conveying the relevant statements should be preferably the online media and the newspapers. The online media will pass the information widely to everyone on the web 2.0 platform as it has enormous number of people using the same platform every minute (John 2013). The newspaper on the other hand will give out the information to all those who religiously follow newspaper on a daily basis. Budgeting Every PR plan is considered successful in accordance to the budget that it uses in achieving the required target. The funds have to be acquired from the company to organize and implement the entire PR plan so that the right message is sent out correctly to the target group (Austin and Pinkleton 2015). The motive of a PR plan is to present information that sufficiently matches the requirements of a situation or crisis that took place. The current PR plan involves in having press conference, press releases and a strongdigital marketing for the company. The press conference and press release will need specific amounts to be allocated. The sector of digital marketing will need substantial budget because it has the maximum reach and the best results can be achieved with its proper use. The public feedback and responses can be achieved from the digitalmarketing section and the events that are arranged can be streamed live so that the people can witness the event virtually from anywhere in the world (Tiago and Verssimo 2014). The budget breakdown is provided in the table below- PR Materials Amount (in USD) Press conference/ Media events $50,000 Printed handouts (press release, backgrounder) $15,000 Digital marketing (websites, social media) $25,000 Total $90,000 Table- PR Budgeting Source- (Author) Evaluation The evaluation of a PR plan is the most important part that has to be done in order to effectively execute the plan. Firstly, the various media like the newspapers, television coverage or articles in other sources should be studied and analyzed so that a better understanding of the present image of the company is achieved and then worked upon that as per the PR plan(Dozier, Grunig and Grunig 2013). Surveys should be held and an analysis of the annual reports should be done so that the financial aspect of the current crisis is understood and then the plan is worked accordingly. After the plan is executed, it is essential to gather the various instances when the company has come up in the media and analyze those to understand the impact of the PR plan. As the PR plan has digital marketing incorporation, it is essential to understand the trend that has been created in the online sphere. Web stats should be counted in order to understand the reach of the posts and promotional campaigns a nd messages that have taken place for the company. Conclusion To conclude, the PR plan and its effectiveness will lead the company to better public image and regain the trust that has been lost due to the battery issue. iPhones are one of the most loved gadgets around the world and hence people who use it are very concerned about the quality that they get in their device. Moreover, the price of an iPhone is higher than that of any other in its competition and hence buyers will demand a value for money assistance from the company whenever they face any problem. References Apple. (2018).A Message to Our Customers. [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/iphone-battery-and-performance/ [Accessed 8 Feb. 2018]. Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015.Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns(Vol. 10). Routledge. Dozier, D.M., Grunig, L.A. and Grunig, J.E., 2013.Manager's guide to excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. John, N.A., 2013. Sharing and Web 2.0: The emergence of a keyword.new media society,15(2), pp.167-182. Lewis, T.G., 2014. Booms. InBook of Extremes(pp. 51-67). Copernicus, Cham. Protess, D. and McCombs, M.E. eds., 2016.Agenda setting: Readings on media, public opinion, and policymaking. Routledge. Ritchie, R., 2015. History of iPhone: Apple reinvents the phone.Dosegljivo: https://www. imore. com/history-iphone-original. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson. Steenkamp, J.B., 2014. How global brands create firm value: the 4V model.International Marketing Review,31(1), pp.5-29. Tiago, M.T.P.M.B. and Verssimo, J.M.C., 2014. Digital marketing and social media: Why bother?.Business Horizons,57(6), pp.703-708.

How to Prepare Your House for Sell. Essays - Home Staging

How to Prepare Your House for Sell. One of the most profitable businesses of today is the business of property. This property may be either in the form of the landscape or in the form of a building . Both the forms give a lot of profit. There are many people in the world whose sole business is to purchase a land, build a house and sell it and earn lot s of profit. Also, sometimes, they buy a building and renovate it or stage it to prepare it for sale. Everyone wants his house to be attractive and beautiful. Therefore , it is the desire of the buyers to buy a house that look very beautiful. It is not the good luck that works here, instead, it is the care planning and staging of the house that gives you a lot of profit. Different people stage or prepare their houses in different ways. You can consult with a person specialized in home staging or do it yourself. Actually, the seller has to understand the science that lies between the psychology of buyer, interior design, and selling ways. However, there are some common ways that are usually practiced by every seller. STAGING The real key to selling lies in staging a home. Staging means preparing a home for sale. In advanced countries, staging services are offered by many professionals for some fees. There are many people who are quite expert in staging a house. Staging a house for sale involves many steps which are: Disassociate with your h ome Depersonalizing Inviting front d oor Welcome m at Improving Landscape Cleaning Outside Removing Clutter or De cluttering Repairing or Touch ups Rearrange and Organize Closets Paint Neutral Colors Removing Furniture and Fixtures Eliminate Bad Odors Remodel the Bathrooms Bring Nature Inside Enough Lighting Cleaning 1-Dissassociate with your Home One of the basics for preparing a house for selling is your own disassociation with the house. Most people do not give this notion any importance , but it really counts. It means making a mind that that this house is no longer yours and let it go. This leaves a very good impression on the buyer. You should be ready to say good bye to every room and never look back , but always delve deeper in your future planning. 2-Depersonalize The next thing to do while staging a house for sale is to depersonalize it. There are many such things as are arranged in your particular way. Try to depersonalize everything. Remove or detach your photographs, calendars, and other things that you attached according to your own taste. These old things leave a bad effect on the mind of the buyer. The purpose is to give the buyer an idea that it is his house. 3-Inviting Front Door It is a famous saying that first impression is the last impression and this should be acted upon while staging a house for selling purpose. Make the front door and entrance so appealing and attractive that the buyer may get absorbed in it. This will earn you a lot of profit. Usually, the buyer purchases those houses that leave an impression on his mind in the first look. 4-Welcome Mat Sometimes little things count much and same is the case with mat. It is always very good to put a mattress at the front door or entrance with a welcome note written on it. This also has an appealing effect on the buyer's mind. He starts thinking that this is his home. This thinking is very effective and will earn you a lot of profit. 5-Improving Landscapes There are many houses that have landscapes , either on one side or on both sides. These landscapes should be so improved to leave a good impression on the buyer's mind. You can make and maintain a good grassy plot with bright colored flowers. These colors will leave a positive effect on a buyer's mind. In the backyard , there should be arranged a backyard garden with fruit trees and flowers. Many buyers like this type of gardening and prefer those houses with maintained l andscapes. It is always advisable to mow the lawn, prune the bushes,

5 Things Productive People Do at the End of Every Working Day

5 Things Productive People Do at the End of Every Working Day We’ve all been there. Clock-out time rolls  around and it’s all you can do to grab your bag  and race your coworkers to the elevator. And, if we’re honest, you  probably spend the last 30 minutes  or so watching the clock and noodling with Facebook or email, thinking: why bother starting any new projects when the day is almost done? Sound familiar? What if, instead, you  put that last bit of your workday to better use and set yourself up for being more productive the following morning right out of the gate? Here are five no-fail strategies that won’t require a ton of effort, but will pay off big time when you come back to your desk.1. Plan for tomorrowTake five minutes to go over your schedule for the coming day. This will not only remind you of breakfast meetings or doctors appointments you may have forgotten, but will also give you the chance to mentally prepare for what’s in store. Need to dress to impress tomorrow? Make sure to bring y our gym clothes? Wear or bring heels for an evening event? You might even find yourself looking forward to your next work day, rather than assuming tomorrow will be just the same old same old.2. Landscape your to-dosLook back at what you’ve accomplished today and check those puppies off. Remind yourself of the outstanding items and make a priority list in your head for tomorrow. If it’s gotten messy or out of control, jot yourself a new one. This will also help you take stock of your productivity for that day- and strategize for how to do better tomorrow. You can learn from today’s distractions and set yourself up better for success.3. Organize your inboxWhen you’re cleaning up your coffee cup and snack wrappers and errant pens and office debris, make sure to go through the same tidying process in your email. Delete the nonsense and the junk mail, archive the important stuff, and leave only what you need to focus on when you get back to work. Sorting by s ender can make it easier to delete.4. Put in one last face timeDon’t just slink away. Check in with your boss or colleagues for a little post-work-day processing. How’d you all do? Anything urgent left on the docket? Any successes to go home proud of? Fires to put out tomorrow? This isn’t just a shrewd move for establishing yourself as a responsible team member, it can go a long way towards team building and camaraderie. And saying a proper and friendly goodbye is just as important when you’re the boss!5. Go homeThis may seem silly, but it’s awfully tempting to stick around and get a few things finished. Trouble is, this becomes a habit. Chances are you won’t get anything substantive done. Set yourself a hard cut-off time and stick to it. It will, believe it or not, help you be more productive tomorrow and won’t leave you feeling constantly fatigued or overwhelmed by work.Then simply relax, turn off your work brain, and enjoy the rest of the day- the part that belongs only to you.

The Regulation of Financial Reporting Case Study

The Regulation of Financial Reporting - Case Study Example These restatements reduced previously reported net income as follows: 1997, $28 million (27% of previously reported $105 million); 1998, $133 million (19% of previously reported $703 million); 1999, $248 million (28% of previously reported $893 million); and 2000, $99 million (10% of previously reported $979 million). 1 On December 2, 2001, Enron filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. With assets of $63.4 billion, it is the largest US corporate bankruptcy.2The Enron Scandal was the most controversial time for the American Financial Markets as the tax-deferred 401(k) retirement plans of the Enron employees were reduced to nothing. The reason Enron's bankruptcy concerns the field of accounting greatly is that its prominent ,long-time auditor, Arthur Andersen, was charged with a large dereliction of duty and even fraud by the press and members of the US Congress and is still facing countless lawsuits. The current position in the Aftermath of this fiasco is that the Securities and Exchange Commission has called for the creation of a new oversight body to regulate and discipline published financial reporting.The SEC, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), and the American Institute of CPAs ( AICPA) are all under constant fire for not having clarified and properly implemented the GAAP rules relating to special-purpose entities which were the sham vehicles of Enron's shoddy accounting financial statements. 3 The following table shows some of the accounting statements/figures for Enron 4 This table shows some of the information that was used to mislead the public about the health and wealth of this promising company. Enron became a household name during its zenith, due to its promising financial records. This table shows the data from Enron Corps Annual Reports with its very promising figures concerning the records of its unconsolidated affiliates. _ SUMMARY OF THE EVENTS LEADING TO THE ENRON DISASTER 1996 The use of unconsolidated SPE's allowing the Senior execs to take money from the Enron accounts without the fact showing on the published financial statements- Senior Executives draw large remunerations for themselves ,and an era of shoddy accounting begins with risky ventures and sunk investments paving the way to financial disaster. 1997 Creation of Chewco to hide debt and inflate profits .. 1998 Financial disasters of capital intensive ventures (including a water distribution scheme and power plants in Brazil.) 1999 Permission by the Enron board of directors to waive conflict of interest rules thus allowing Andrew Fastow to run private companies that do business with Enron. The creation of LJM a sham company which is shown on the records to be buying poorly performing Enron assets. Thus a complex and questionable accounting practices saga begins that will lead to the downfall of Enron's 2000 Filing of fraudulent files for the 10-K , 1999 and forged correspondence on accounting matters.There is a large scale sale of Enron shares and more fraudulent filing of accounts for the third quarter of 2000 2001 This was a crucial year for Enron as its Ceo's committed further security fraud by omitting the company's poor financial and the Enron executives got bonus checks for millions of dollars.Ironically at this time Enron was named

Museum vsit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Museum vsit - Essay Example The layout of the art is diamond in shape. A wall colored in red was visible in the middle of the exhibits. This was the starting point of the exhibit. It contained clear descriptions of the art. The red color symbolized the blood shed during the violence in the communist era. It also illuminates the art work and made it easy for the visitors to see and read the descriptions inscribed on the art.The posters are placed in white frame and hanged up the wall and strategically place to see and understand their significance once the visitors read the descriptions. They are also grouped which makes it easier for the visitors to understand the art work easily. The exhibits are directly lit, softly to enhance the artwork and make it more visible to the public. The exhibits have a combination of warm colors, grey, red and white walls. The grey color is the background of the poster while the red and white are on the wall an element which is simple in nature but aesthetically beautiful to look at. The room where the posters are displayed also have an ambiance that allows one to have a good focus on the posters. The artists and the museum staff arranged the exhibit in such a way that one will read, connect with art work and go back in history to get a clearer picture of the message passed in your mind. The posters had labels on them and some had descriptions on type of art work displayed in the museum. The descriptions told of the history behind the poster and they were didactic in nature. They derived their inspiration from the social injustice in the past as that was the theme of the rebranded. These exhibits were not only pleasing to art lovers but the message behind it is what inspires me as an art enthusiast. Despite few missing descriptions the art could almost be generalized as it was easy to understand especially due to the grouping

Analysis of the Use of Clinical Audits in Healthcare

Analysis of the Use of Clinical Audits in Healthcare Introduction The quality of health care system is important to patients and the Government. High level of quality patient care is the ultimate aim in current health care practices. Service providers wish to deliver quality health care. Patients are the appropriate authority to determine whether the experience of health care is good. Effectiveness of care pertains to treatment and support and helps us to judge whether staffs are, doing the right thing in a right way to achieve best clinical outcomes (Patel, 2010).Audit of services is therefore very important to ensure that the clinical practices are adhered to set professional standards and criteria. On the other hand health services are focusing on new information and knowledge for advanced clinical practice. Research is focused on this area in order to develop new practices and standards in health care system. Researches make changes to health care system by advancement of knowledge and practice. The aim of this paper is to identify the difference between audit and research and analyzing the benefits and limitations of audit. An overview of clinical audit. Audit derived from a Latin word, which means an official inspection of an organizations official accounts, by an independent body (Esposito Canton, 2014). Clinical audit is measuring the quality of patient care provided against a set well defines standards (Yorston Wormald, 2010). It gives staff a systemic way of looking into their practice and making improvements (Bennadi et al, 2014). Pioneer of clinical audit is Florence Nightingale whose work was searching reasons for high mortality in hospitals in 1850s. As per her assessment she reinforced cleanliness resulted in a drastic reduction in mortality rate. (Bennadi et al, 2010). Clinical audit Vs research Clinical audit and clinical research are entirely two different domains (Yorston Wormald, 2010). Clinical audit and research involves some common components. Hence, there is a great deal of controversy (Bennadi et al, 2014) in both terms. Audit compares the current clinical practice against well-defined standard/criteria, while research aims to define the characteristics of good practice on an unknown land (Esposito Canton, 2014). Audit focused on evaluating the existing practice; rather than discovering new information. Research is proven to be a larger scale study that aims at establishing new practices or procedures to carry out a particular task in a different method. The focus of research is further development of existing practice. However, audit is monitoring a task to determine whether a particular task has undertaken as per set standards or criteria. Audits check the quality of the task or procedure (Bennadi et al, 2014). Audit is generally undertaken on a local basis; how ever it is not limited to. (Hughes, 2005). Research aims to obtain new knowledge and to fill in any knowledge gaps. Research focuses on defining questions, making inclusion and exclusion criterias for people or problems to address and any developing clinical interventions or outcomes. Research methods for data collection and analysis that is applied are suitable to the topics for research (Strauss and Sackett, 1998, Hughes, 2005). Audit focuses on evaluating and analyzing the existing ones, not developing new practices (Difference between audit and research, 2014). But, research is aimed at developing new procedures to carry out in a more effective ways of carrying out. The focus on research is invention of new and further development of the old. The aim of an audit is to determine whether the standards and procedures are being followed and whether a task is completed properly. The aim of research is to add onto a body of research and to increase the amount of knowledge and learning available on a specific subject matter (Difference between audit and research, 2014). Also, unlike audits that measure tasks and procedures against a set out standard, research aims to test the hypothesis that is established by the researcher when beginning their experiments (Twycross Shorten 2014). Research considered as a broader field in the field of health. Research requires lot of education and training. Researchers undergo research education and training as a part of their university programme of study to gain the foundation to conduct a research (Hughes, 2005). In contrast, audit emphasized on areas, which needs improvement. Audit can undertake by anyone who is interested in a particular field and few receive education and training (Nettleton and Ireland, 2000). As per Hughess review, researchers involved in audit may benefit from approaches and techniques used to implement findings that could potentially serve to fill the research-practice gap. Equally, those involved in audit will benefit from sampling techniques in research that can help to improve generalisability. Some similarities are identified between audit and research despite their differences. Audit and research starts with a question, require data to answer questions, and systematic approach (Twycross Shorten 2014), also both needs an investigator (Abbasi Heath, 2005). Difference between clinical audit and research is showed in the below table, which was adapted from Bennadi et al, 2014 and Twycross Shorten 2014. Clinical audit Research 1 Audit uses comparison of current clinical practice Research uses experimental methods such as randomised control trials. 2 Uses simple descriptive statistics to describe current practice standards. Uses a range of statistics to make inferences. 3 Audit relates to a particular area of attention. Research can be generalized to other populations. 4 Audit measures how well current practices are carried out against clinical policies and procedures. Research provided evidences for clinical policies and procedures. 5 It is practice based. Research is theory based practice. 6 Ongoing process of quality assurance. One- off study. 7 No involvement of placebo treatment. May involve placebo treatment. 8 No changes involved in treatments of patients. Changes in treatment process. 9 Ethical approval is not required. Requires ethical approval. Benefits of clinical audit Audit conducted against set standards (Patel, 2010, Hughes, 2005) in a cyclic (Tsaloglidou, 2009, Hughes, 2005) process to ensure tasks carried out correctly. At the end of audit cycle auditors are able to address the areas of improvement and give feedback to the personnel who are involved in that particular task. Reaudit should carry out after an agreed period of implementing changes (Bennadi et al, 2014). Regular auditing alerts the health care professional the shortfall (Patel, 2010) in health care delivery system. Also helps us to find out whether staffs are practicing as per standards set by the organization to achieve therapeutic (Patel, 2010) patient care, identifies the factors causing failure to make improvements (Yorston Wormald, 2010). Therefore, organization can take actions to improve the area. Every time an audit cycle is completed there should be further improvement in patient care (Yorston and Wormald, 2010). Audit and feedback often used in health care setting to improve health care professional performance. Discrepancies in health care practices against set standards are highlighted in clinical audit that helps to identify the practices needed to improve for quality care (Esposito Canton, 2014). Tsaloglidou explains that the key for quality assurance and consistent delivery of high quality health services is the appropriate organization of the health center environment. The benefits of audit are apparent for health care professionals as it reduces frustration, reduces organizational and clinical error, improves communications between professionals and secures effective medical defense through risk avoidance (Tsaloglidou, 2009). An audit is not only a tool for monitoring change in clinical practice, but also an educational tool (Tsaloglidou, 2009). As the improvement of health care is a cost-effective procedure, audit is revealed to be a very useful tool in management Limitations of clinical audit Educational and training issue has a huge impact on carrying out an effective audit. Audit should not consider as a light work. It does require knowledge, experience and skills to perform effectively because auditing required to choose appropriate question, analytical method and to be undertaken in a sensitive (Hughes, 2010) way. In general, audit tends to be an activity that be undertaken by anyone without proper training and analytical skills with an aim to improve clinical practice. Nevertheless, it is very important for the staff member who will take on to implement the audit cycle to have proper training, supervision and protected time (Mercel et al, 2006). Bowie et al identified that lack of protected time to conduct a clinical audit is a major disadvantage for health care professional. They have to do it within their own allocated clinical time. Therefore, it can potentially affect direct patient care when allocating clinical time for auditing. It is not possible to justify leaving wards understaffed and underfunded to undertake audit unless instant results are attained (Esposito Canton, 2014, Ellis et al, 2000, Hughes 2005). Subsequently it causes additional workload on key staff members when undertaking an audit (Collis, 2006, Johnston et al, 2000). Lack of support from management to make audit related improvements and changes with the view of providing quality patient care. Inadequate organizational monitoring of auditing activities and progress is a barrier to make changes in patient care. It can lead to frustration and distress on auditors (Bowie et al, 2012, Hughes, 2005). Indirect situational factors influence the success of auditing such as lack of time and resources, lack of supervision, lack of support from management, conflict within multidisciplinary team, negative attitudes associated with audit process ((Travaglia Debono, 2009, Hughes, 2005). A systematic review of Cochrane study of 140 studies tested the effectiveness of clinical audit outcome against other methods of study such as meetings and distribution of printed materials. Results were variable. Audit outcome ranges from negative outcome to very positive effect. When the audit was effective, results range from small to moderate. Moreover, the study concluded that effectiveness of audit is likely greater, when baseline adherence to recommended practice is low. Therefore, there is no clear scientific evidence to support the real effectiveness of clinical audit (Esposito Canton, 2014, Ivers et al, 2014). Conclusion In general, clinical audit considered as an effective and cost effective method for continuous quality improvement even though there are numerous limitations. Therefore, it is important to pay more attention to clinicians having trouble in auditing and to determine what recommendations are made to make the audit more effective. In order to overcome the difficulties of audit, auditors need to be clear about the areas of clinical practice audited. In addition, it is very important to know the difference between audit and research to avoid inappropriate data collection while conducting an audit. Clearly, audit and research serve two distinctive purposes. References Abbasi, K., Heath, A. (2005). Ethics review of research and audit, BMJ, 330(7489), 431-432. doi: 10.1136/bmj.330.7489.431 Bennadi, D., Konekeri, V., Kshetrimayum, N., Sibyl, S., Reddy, V. (2014). Clinical audit a literature review, Journal of international dental and medical research, 7 (2), 49-55.Retrieved from http://www.ektodermaldisplazi.com/journal.htm. Difference between audit and research (2014), Audit vs research, retrieved from http://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-audit-and-vs-research/ Esposito, P., Canton, A.D. (2014). Clinical audit, a valuable tool to improve quality of care: General methodology and applications in nephrology, World journal of nephrology, 3(4), 249-255. doi: 10.5527/wjn.v3.i4.249. Hughes, R. (2005). Is audit research? The relationships between clinical audit and social research, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 18(4), 289-299. doi: 10.1108/09526860510602550. Mercel, S.W., Sevar, K., Sadutshan, T.D. (2006). Using clinical audit to improve the quality of obstetric care at the Tibetan Delek Hospital in North India: a logitudinal study. Quality health care, 3(4), 1-4. doi:: 10.1186/1742-4755-3-4 Nettleton, J. Ireland, A. (2000). Junior doctors views on clinical audit. Has anything changed?, International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance,13(6), 245-53. Retrieved from careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/Quality improvement. Patel, S. ( 2010).Iidentifying best practice principles of audit in health care, Nursing standard, 24 (32), 40-48. Retrieved from journals.rcni.com/doi/pdfplus/10.7748/ns2011.01.25.19.51.c8271. Travaglia, J., Debono,D. ( 2009) Clinical audit: a comprehensive review of the literature, Centre for Clinical Governance Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia . Retrieved from http://health.gov.ie/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/literature_review_clinical_audit.pdf Tsaloglidou, A. (2009). Does audit improve the quality of care, International journal of caring sciences, 2(2), 65- 72. Retrieved from http://www.internationaljournalofcaringsciences.org Twycross, A., Shorten, A. (2014). Service evaluation, audit and research: what is the difference?, Evid Based Nursing , 17(3), 65-67. doi:10.1136/eb-2014-101871 Yorston, D., Wormald, R. (2010). Clinical auditing to improve patient outcomes, Community eye health journal, 23(74), 48-49. Retrieved from www.cehjournal.org/article/clinical-auditing-to-improve-patient-outcomes.

Public Slave System :: essays papers

Public Slave System In 1999, a young man named Ryan John Sargeant removed himself from the public school system. His letter of intent, filled with harsh, condemnatory rhetoric, decried a school system that uses students as, ? a means to an end, a worthless commodity. Pupils are made nothing but workers by the educational system.? Such words would aptly describe a proposal by the United States government, which calls for three years of mandatory public service following high school before pursuing any higher education. A sweeping educational reform of this type sacrifices the Constitutional, personal, and moral rights of the individual students in favor of the public good, creating a new class of disenfranchised and rebellious youths. A mandatory post-high school public service program violates the Constitution of the United States. In Amendment Thirteen, Section One, the Constitution states that ?Neither slavery, nor involuntary servitude [emphasis added] ? shall exist within the United States A proposal to involuntarily enlist students from the ages of 18-23 in forms of public service (or servitude) blatantly attacks the premise of this basic constitutional right of everyone, including students in the school system. Additionally, the Declaration of Independence, that touchstone of ?unalienable rights,? provides its citizens with ?Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.? Through a public works mandate , the government itself would be depriving each student of their ?unalienable right? to have liberty from oppressive mandatory requirements, barring them from pursuing happiness in whatever manner they choose. Furthermore, the Declaration of Independence defines a government as a system ?instituted among me n, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed.? Again, a mandatory work program for students attacks the fundamental values of a government for the people, by the people, in favor of a government that legislates basic rights to its people. In countries built without such documents of inalienable rights, mandatory work programs are the norm for their students. In the United States, however, these programs violate the rights of each individual as demanded by the law. Mandatory work programs for students also break a fundamental moral code, alluded to by the Constitution, found in many religious and governmental societies around the earth. As the Constitution recognizes, there exists a ?Law of Nature,? and certain entitlements according to that Law. Among these entitlements is the inalienable right that ?